Surface Water Treatment using Pomelo’s Peel (Citrus Grandis) and Biosand Filter as Iron (Fe) Adsorption in Kangkar Senangar’s River
Nuramidah Hamidon1, Nabilah Nazri2, Mariah Awang3, Norshuhaila Mohd Sunar4, Mimi Suliza Muhamad5, Nur Aini Mohd Arish6, Hasnida Harun7, Hazren A. Hamid8, R. Ali9, Mohammad Ashraf Abdul Rahman10
1Nuramidah Hamidon, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
2Nabilah Nazri, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
3Mariah Awang, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
4Norshuhaila Mohd Sunar, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
5Mimi Suliza Muhamad, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
6Nur Aini Mohd Arish, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
7Hasnida Harun, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
8Hazren A. Hamid, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
9R. Ali, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
10Mohammad Ashraf Abdul Rahman, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, KM , Jalan Panchor, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia.
Manuscript received on 18 June 2019 | Revised Manuscript received on 25 June 2019 | Manuscript Published on 19 June 2019 | PP: 379-374 | Volume-8 Issue-8S June 2019 | Retrieval Number: H10630688S19/19©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Water is our most precious natural resource. Based on this study which was conducted in Kangkar Senangar, Johor, the majority of rural communities still drink superficial water that does not meet the required standard of quality, which can cause serious health problems. From the interview with the Village Head, it is also noted that they also do not have enough source of water supply. They only use groundwater as their water source to complete daily life tasks. The ability of Pomelo Peel is tested as natural adsorbent, to remove Iron (Fe) from aqueous solution by adsorption was investigated. Characterization of adsorbent was done by SEM and FTIR analyses to observe the surface morphology and functional groups available on the adsorbent. Adsorption was most efficient when 0.20g of adsorbent was used with 50ml of water sample that was taken from Kangkar Senagar’s river. 0.20g was the optimum weight of pamelo peer powder with contact time of 20 minutes to change the quality of water sample. Based on the results, the higher the adsorbent dosages, the higher the adsorption removal of Fe. The highest adsorption removal of Fe was 80.84%. After the adsorption, the water sample was treated using Biosand Filtration (BSF). The function of BSF was to reduce the turbidity, change the colour of water sample, increase the pH and dissolve oxygen. The BSF filtered all the suspended matters in the water samples after the adsorption and produced clearer water.
Keywords: Pomelo Peel, Adsorption, Iron (Fe), Biosand Filter, Water Quality.
Scope of the Article: Computational Techniques in Civil Engineering