Study of Non Point Pollution of Water Resources of Kaithal District
Bhavana Arora1, Shakti Kumar2
1Bhavana Arora, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Haryana College of Technology & Management, Technical Campus, Kaithal (Haryana), India.
2Dr. Shakti Kumar, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Punjab Engineering College University, Technology, Chandigarh (Punjab), India.
Manuscript received on 13 January 2016 | Revised Manuscript received on 22 January 2016 | Manuscript Published on 30 January 2016 | PP: 1-7 | Volume-5 Issue-8, January 2016 | Retrieval Number: H2253015816/16©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Kaithal district is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in northern India. Kaithal town is the district headquarters. Kaithal district is situated in the North- West of the state . The district occupies an area of 2317 km² located between 29o 31’: 30o 12’ north latitudes and 76o 10’: 76o 42’ east longitudes. The Kaithal city, occupies an area of 43.76 sq. km within the municipal limit. This district came into existence on 1 November 1989. There are 277 villages and 253 Panchayats in Kaithal districts. Kaithal district comprises of five administrative blocks including Pundri, Rajaund, Kaithal, Kalayat and Siwan.. According to the 2011 census Kaithal district has a population of 1,072,861. This gives it a ranking of 423rd in India (out of a total of 640). The study is carried in the Kaithal district of Haryana. Since the Kaithal district in Haryana state of India .The district has a population density of 463 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,200 /sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001- 2011 was 13.39%. Mainly villages of Pundri block showed problem of Total dissolved solids and Hardness in water samples. One or two villages showed high value of fluoride content also.Five to six villages out of fifteen villages chosen showed high content of total dissolved solids , sulphates and alkalinity. In Rajaund block out of seven sample stations two to three stations showed high values of alkalinity and sulphates. Two villages had high fluoride content..In Kalayat block out of four village stations one station showed high value of hardness, total dissolved solids ,sulphates and fluorides.
Keywords: Pollution, Ground Water, River, Contaminated, Sub Area, Civil Engineering, Broad Area: Environment Engineering.
Scope of the Article: Water Supply and Drainage