Estimation of The Age of Bloodstains on Soil Matrices By ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan1, Durga Devi Sandran2, Masitah Mohamad3, Yusmazura Zakaria4, Noor Zuhartini Md Muslim5
1Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan*, Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.
2Durga Devi Sandran, Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
3Masitah Mohamad, Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia. Royal Malaysia.
4Yusmazura Zakaria, Biomedical Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.
5Noor Zuhartini Md Muslim, Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Manuscript received on October 13, 2019. | Revised Manuscript received on 24 October, 2019. | Manuscript published on November 10, 2019. | PP: 4750-4755 | Volume-9 Issue-1, November 2019. | Retrieval Number: A4454119119/2019©BEIESP | DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.A4454.119119
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Estimating the accurate time of a crime occurred is one of the priceless information in forensics practice and for the investigation purposes. There are profuse of evidence can be found at the crime scene and each of the evidence will give an important information for the investigation purposes. In this study, the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)- Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique combined with advanced chemometrics method was deployed. For the purpose of determining the age of the bloodstain, two storage conditions; indoor and outdoor were set up to simulate real crime scene scenario and bloodstains on soil matrices were exposed and analyzed for selected time intervals for up to 63 days. Six partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLSR-DA) models were constructed-indoor and outdoor models with 1-63 days-exhibited good performance with acceptable values of predictive root mean squared error (7.04-16.0) and r2 values (0.45-0.89), respectively. Using these models, correct classification of the aged bloodstains was calculated up to 70%. In conclusion, the multivariate analysis based on PLS-DA models indicates that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, coupled with chemometrics provides acceptable discrimination for rapid and non-destructive determination the age of bloodstains on soil matrices in particularly for outdoor and very aged bloodstains.
Keywords: ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy, Bloodstains, Chemometrics, Forensic Science, PLS-DA
Scope of the Article: Bio-Science and Bio-Technology